unnamed 2020 romance conlang
This is a conlang I've been working on in early 2020 (now at the time of writing). It's currently far from finished, though.
phonology/orthography
Vowels
There are 8 oral vowels and 5 nasal vowels.
Oral Vowels:
Front
Central
Back
High
i <i, í>
u <u, ú>
Mid-high
e <é, ê>
ə <e>
o <ó, ô>
Mid-low
ɛ <e, è>
ɔ <o, ò>
Low
a <a, á, à>
Nasal Vowels:
Front
Central
Back
High
ĩ <ĩ>
ũ <ũ>
Mid
ɛ̃ <ẽ>
ɔ̃ <õ>
Low
ã <ã>
Consonants
Labial
Alveolar
Palatal
Velar
Nasal
m
n
ɲ <gn>
(ŋ)
Stop
unvoiced
p
t
k <c, k, ck, q>
voiced
b
d
g
Affricate
unvoiced
t͡s <z, c>
t͡ʃ <tx>
voiced
d͡ʒ <j>
Fricative
unvoiced
f
s <s, ss>
ʃ <x>
voiced
v
z <s>
Approximant
semivowel
w <u>
j <y, i>
w <u>
lateral
l
ʎ <ll>
Rhotic
r
Each phoneme is written the same as in the IPA unless otherwise stated in angle brackets.
phonotactics
Syllable structure is as follows:
(C1 (C2 )) (S1 ) V (S2 ) (C3 (C4 )) Notes:
Onset
Syllable onsets are optional and consist of one or two consonants
Simple onsets can be any consonant, however:
/ɲ ʃ z/ do not occur word-initially
/dʒ/ only occurs word-initially or following /ɲ/ in the previous syllable
C2 may only be /r/ or /l/
Onset clusters allowed anywhere: /pr tr kr br dr gr fr fl/
Onset clusters allowed only word-initially: /bl gl/
Onset clusters allowed only following a vowel: /vr/
Nucleus
The nucleus consists of a mandatory vowel V and two optional semivowels which may be /j/ or /u/: an onglide S1 and an offglide S2 .
V may be an oral or nasal vowel.
If the nucleus contains a nasal vowel, then the semivowels will also be realized as nasalized.
Nasal nuclei may not contain an onglide.
/ə/ may not occur within a complex nucleus.
/ɔ̃/ only occurs in /ɔ̃w/
/e o/ may not occur before an offglide.
/j/ and /w/ may not occur before or after /i ĩ/ and /u ũ/ respectively.
S1 and S2 may not both be /j/
Allowed falling dipthongs are: /iw ɛw aw ɔw ɛj aj uj/. These may be oral or nasal.
Allowed rising dipthongs are: /jɛ ja jɔ jo ju wi wɛ wa/
Coda
Syllable codas are optional and consist of one or two consonants
Simple codas can be any consonant except for /b? dʒ v z/
/n/ can only appear as a simple coda if the next syllable begins with a stop or affricate (see Nasal Sandhi below)
Complex codas can occur with the following clusters:
/rm rn rɲ? rp rt rk rb? rd rg? rtz rtʃ? rf? rs rʃ?/
/nts/
/mp nt nk/ (These may behave like **/mb nd ng/, see below)
/sp? st/
/bs? ds gs?/
Phonemes in the coda of a word may be moved to the onset of the next word if possible; see Linking below.
sandhi
Linking
When possible, word-final consonants may be moved to the next word. This occurs wherever it is possible to form a valid onset from consonants in the coda of the first word and in the onset of the second word.
Nasal Sandhi
Voicing/Devoicing of Stops after Nasals
Words ending in <mp, nd,
Sandhi with /s/ and /f/
morphology
nouns and adjectives
verbs
Verbs generally consist of a stem, which is conjugated with different endings.
Regular Verb Conjugations
There are four different regular conjugation paradigms.
First Conjugation (-ar) verbs
Second Conjugation (-er) verbs
Third Conjugation (-re) verbs
Fourth Conjugation (-ir) verbs
Under construction! ☺
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